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991.
Soil incubation studies were undertaken in controlled environment cabinets at 15°C to investigate the effect of increasing application rates of calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) on net nitrification in two grassland soils. Granular CAN was applied to the surface of freshly collected, moist soil, at a rate equivalent to 0, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600µg NH
4
+
-N and NO
3
-
-N per gram of oven dry soil. In half the treatments finely ground CaCO3 was incorporated into the moist soil to raise the starting pH. Changes in soil mineral N and pH were measured at weekly intervals up to six-weeks. The most probable number (MPN) technique was used to enumerate the NH
4
+
-N and NO
2
-
-N oxidizers at the beginning and end of the incubation.At low rates of CAN application there was considerable NH
4
+
-N oxidation to NO
3
-
-N during the incubation of both soils. Lime stimulated this N transformation. At high application rates (i.e. 800 and 1600 ppm) there was little change in NH
4
+
-N or NO
3
-
-N on either soil during the 6 week incubation, in the presence or absence of lime. The rate of NO
3
-
-N produced peaked at 5.6 and 3.8 mg NO
3
-
-N kg–1 d–1 on soil 1 and 2 respectively, in the presence of lime. Above a level of 400 ppm CAN (equivalent to 38 kg N ha–1) the rate of NO
3
-
-N produced decreased. The higher rate of net nitrification in soil 1 compared with soil 2 was probably due to a higher number of nitrifying bacteria. Although high rates of CAN decreased the nitrifying activity of both soils there was little difference between treatments in the actual numbers of NH
4
+
-N and NO
2
-
-N oxidizers determined by the MPN technique.The results showed that the rate of granular CAN applied to the soil surface can influence the local activity of nitrifying bacteria and subsequent N transformations. At application rates of CAN generally used agriculturally for grass production, it is likely that net nitrification of the NH
4
+
-N in the fertilizer granule will be inhibited. 相似文献
992.
993.
Electrodiffusion diagnostics of the flow and mass transfer inside a network of crossing minichannels
F. Huchet J. Comiti J. Tihon A. Montillet P. Legentilhomme 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2007,37(1):49-55
The global mass transfer and the local flow structure inside a set of crossing minichannels were characterized using the electrodiffusion
method. The individual square-cross channel sections (a = 1.5 mm in sides) intersect at right-angles in order to form the flow cell. An array of 39 circular platinum electrodes
(0.25 mm in diameter) was flush-mounted into the wall of the flow cell to investigate the wall shear rate at different locations.
This array of small sensors allowed characterization of longitudinal and lateral variations in wall shear rate across the
flow cell, flow distribution at the inlet and outlet sections, transition between laminar and turbulent flow regimes, and
flow behaviour at the channel crossings. The results of global wall mass transfer measurements demonstrated that, from a mass
transfer point of view, the flow cell exhibits similar behaviour to a porous medium. 相似文献
994.
本文利用RHEOGRAPH2002型高压毛细管流变仪对国产高密度聚乙烯(7000F、6098、2480、5200B、5000S、2200J、7006A)的不稳定流动及影响因素进行了研究,为国产高密度聚乙烯的成型加工提供理论依据和基础数据. 相似文献
995.
G. T. Jones L. A. Glasgow L. E. Erickson S. A. Patel C. H. Lee 《Chemical Engineering Communications》1990,97(1):181-196
Understanding the dynamic phenomena of viability loss of shear sensitive cells and bubble breakage and coalescence within airlift reactors requires knowledge of local, liquid-phase hydrodynamics. The laser-Doppler velocimeter (LDV) is a non-invasive instrument which may be used to obtain this information. Experimental procedures and software were developed to detect and measure Doppler bursts in two-phase flow in a split-cylinder airlift reactor. Off-line analysis of the data indicated a detection rate approximately one order of magnitude greater than that observed using an available commercial frequency tracker. Approximately 400 to 500 observations are needed for the ensemble mean to characterize the local mean velocity to within ±5% for a superficial gas velocity of 10.4 cm/s, the highest superficial gas velocity used in these studies. The limitations, prospects, and signal-processing options for LDV in this application are also discussed 相似文献
996.
997.
The solids motion in a gas-solid fluidized bed was investigated using a discrete hard-sphere model. Detailed collision between particles and a nearest list method are presented. The turbulent viscosity of gas phase was predicted by subgrid scale (SGS) model. The interaction between gas and particles phases was governed by Newton's third law. The distributions of concentration, velocity and granular temperature of particles are obtained. The radial distribution function is calculated from the simulated spatio-temporal particle distribution. The normal and shear stresses of particles are predicted from the simulated instantaneous particle velocity. The pressure and viscosity of particles are obtained from both the kinetic theory of granular flow and the calculated stresses of particles. For elastic particles the individual lateral and vertical particle velocity distribution functions are isotropic and Maxwellian. The observed anisotropy becomes more pronounced with increasing degree of inelasticity of the particles. 相似文献
998.
Krzysztof Kaczmarski Dongmei Zhou Georges Guiochon 《Chemical engineering science》2003,58(11):2325-2338
The adsorption isotherm data of R- and S-1-indanol and of their racemic mixture on cellulose tribenzoate were measured by frontal analysis. These experimental data were fitted to the single-component and the modified competitive Bilangmuir isotherms. The overloaded elution profiles of bands of the pure enantiomers and of the racemic mixture were calculated for different sample sizes, using the best competitive isotherm model and the General Rate Model of chromatography coupled with the generalized Maxwell-Stefan equation that describes the surface diffusion flux. The calculated and the experimental profiles were found to be in excellent agreement in all cases. The parameters of the model of the mass transfer kinetics were derived from the band profiles obtained for the pure enantiomers. The same values of these parameters give an excellent prediction of the profiles of multicomponent bands. The new model described here allows a satisfactory interpretation of the competitive mass transfer kinetics. 相似文献
999.
1000.
分形及分维在单轴向三维编织复合材料拉伸实验中的应用 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
基于分形几何的计盒维数研究了三维编织复合材料拉伸实验的断裂样照,结果表明,该材料的断裂曲线具有统计自相似性,在不同的尺度范围内具有不同的空间分布格局;而计盒维数定量地表征了其尺度变化规律;准静态和低应变率加载条件下材料的分维数较大,表明其空间占据程度较大,曲线弯曲结构复杂,这是因为低应变率加载时材料内部结构断裂时间不同造成;而高应变率加载时,断裂曲线分维数较小,曲线空间占据小,弯曲结构比较简单,这是由高应变率加载时材料内部结构断裂时间差异缩小造成。 相似文献